A Two-Step State Estimation Algorithm for Hybrid AC-DC Distribution Grids

Direct Current (DC) grids are considered an attractive option for integrating high shares of renewable energy sources in the electrical distribution grid. Hence, future, Alternating (AC) and DC systems could be interconnected to form hybrid AC-DC grids. This paper presents a two-step state estimation formulation monitoring In first step, is executed independently AC areas system. The second step refines results by exchanging boundary quantities at converters. To this purpose, modulation index phase angle control converters integrated into proposed formulation. allows providing additional inputs algorithm, which eventually leads improve accuracy results. Simulations on sample grid performed highlight benefits resulting from integration these converter parameters both quantities.